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Irada yomkhumbi iyithuluzi le-elekthronikhi lokuzulazula elisetshenziselwa ukuthola indawo nokuhamba kwemikhumbi eduze komkhumbi wakho.
Irada yomkhumbi ikhipha ama-electromagnetic pulses aboniswa eminye imikhumbi noma izinto eziseduze. Amasignali abuyayo atholwa yi-radar futhi aguqulelwe esithombeni esivezwa esikrinini se-radar.
Irada yomkhumbi inikeza ulwazi mayelana nebanga, isivinini kanye nendlela yeminye imikhumbi noma izinto ezikuleyo ndawo.
Ububanzi be-radar yasolwandle buncike ekusebenzeni kocingo kanye nezimo zezulu. Nokho, ububanzi ngokuvamile busukela emamitha angamakhulu ambalwa kuya kumakhilomitha amaningana.
Kunezinhlobo ezimbalwa ze-radar zasolwandle ezihlanganisa i-radar ye-X-band, i-radar ye-S-band kanye ne-radar yomphumela we-Doppler.
Umehluko phakathi kwe-radar ye-X-band ne-S-band radar usekuhambeni lapho kukhishwa khona ama-electromagnetic pulses. I-radar ye-X-band ine-frequency ephezulu futhi inikeza ukulungiswa okuphezulu, kuyilapho i-radar ye-S-band ine-frequency ephansi futhi inikeza ububanzi obude.
Umphumela we-Doppler yinto lapho imvamisa yamagagasi kazibuthe kagesi ishintsha lapho umthombo noma isamukeli sinyakaza ngokuhlobene namagagasi. Irada yomkhumbi enomphumela we-Doppler ingakala isivinini semikhumbi endaweni.
Imikhumbi iboniswa esikrinini se-radar njengama-blips noma ama-echoes. Ubukhulu nokuma kwe-blip kuncike kusayizi nokuma komkhumbi, kanye nebanga nendawo.
I-ARPA imele i-Automatic Radar Plotting Aid futhi iyisici sezinhlelo ze-radar zasolwandle ezihlinzeka ngamasu okuzenzakalela kanye nekhono lokugwema ukushayisana. Amasistimu e-ARPA angabala futhi abonise indawo, isivinini, kanye nendlela yeminye imikhumbi ukusiza ekuzulazuleni okuphephile nokugwema ukushayisana.
Ukunemba kwe-radar yomkhumbi kukalwa nge-transmitter factor, isixazululo, izinga lokuphindaphinda, ukuzwela kanye nokuzinza kwesistimu.
I-radar yasolwandle idinga ukunakekelwa okujwayelekile kanye nokulinganisa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi isebenza kahle. Kubalulekile futhi ukuthi i-antenna nezinye izakhi zigcinwe zihlanzekile futhi zingenakho ukungcola, iqhwa neqhwa.
Uma usebenzisa i-radar yasolwandle, kufanele kuthathwe izinyathelo ezithile zokuqinisekisa ukuthi idivayisi iphephile futhi isebenza ngempumelelo. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukusebenzisa izinti zezinti nabakaki abafanele izimpondo ezithize kanye nedivayisi, nokuqapha indawo ezungezile ukuze kube nokuphazamiseka okungaba khona kanye nokuphazamiseka.
I-radar yomkhumbi idlala indima ebalulekile ekuhambeni olwandle oluphakeme njengoba ivumela umkhumbi ukuthi ubone futhi ugweme eminye imikhumbi nezinto eziseduze. Iwusizo ikakhulukazi ekungabonakali kahle kanye nesimo sezulu esibi.
Irada yomkhumbi ingaphazanyiswa imvula, iqhwa kanye nenkungu esimweni sezulu esingesihle, njengoba lezi zinto zingakwazi ukumunca futhi zibonise amasignali kazibuthe kagesi. Kwezinye izimo, i-radar yomkhumbi ingaphinde ithinteke izimo zolwandle kanye nokunyakaza kwamagagasi.
Ububanzi be-radar yasolwandle buncike ekusebenzeni kocingo nezimo zezulu. Nokho, ngokuvamile i-radar yomkhumbi ikwazi ukubona imikhumbi ebangeni elingamakhilomitha amaningana.
Izinzuzo ze-radar ye-X-band ukulungiswa okuphezulu nokunemba, okuvumela ukuthola izinto ezincane nezithiyo. Okubi ukuthi iyakwazi ukuphazamiseka emvuleni kanye nenkungu futhi inebanga elilinganiselwe.
Izinzuzo ze-radar ye-S-band ziyibanga elide kune-radar ye-X-band futhi akukho lula ekuphazamiseni imvula nenkungu. Okubi ukucaca okuphansi nokunemba uma kuqhathaniswa ne-radar ye-X-band.
Amasistimu we-radar yama-multi-frequency ahlinzeka ngezinzuzo zakho zombili i-radar ye-X-band kanye ne-S-band futhi angashintsha phakathi kwamafrikhwensi njengoba kudingeka. Ukungalungi izindleko eziphezulu kanye nobunzima.
Izici eziyinhloko ze-ARPA wukuhlela itulo okuzenzakalelayo kanye nomsebenzi wokugwema ukushayisana, ukubala nokubonisa indawo, isivinini nendlela yeminye imikhumbi, nokuqapha indawo ezungezile ukuze kutholakale ukushayisana okungenzeka.
I-radar yomkhumbi ingasetshenziswa ukuhlenga abantu abaphuka umkhumbi ngokusiza ekutholeni umkhumbi olahlekile futhi idlulisele indawo yawo emaqenjini okuhlenga.
I-ECDIS (Ishadi Le-elekthronikhi Display kanye ne-Information System) iwuhlelo oluthuthukisiwe lokuzulazula olusebenzisa amashadi e-electronic nautical kanye nolwazi lwesikhathi sangempela mayelana nemikhumbi nezinto ezizungezile ukusiza ekuzulazuleni okuphephile nokusebenzayo. I-ECDIS yenze ukuzulazula olwandle kwaphepheka futhi kwasebenza kahle kakhulu futhi isetshenziswa kakhulu ekuthumeleni ngemikhumbi yesimanje.
I-GPS (Global Positioning System) idlala indima ebalulekile ekuhambeni olwandle njengoba ivumela umkhumbi ukuthi unqume ukuthi ukuphi kanye nokuwuveza kumashadi e-electronic nautical. I-GPS iwusizo ikakhulukazi lapho uhamba emanzini angajwayelekile nalapho ungabonakali kahle.
Isistimu ye-ARPA (Automatic Radar Plotting Aid) iyisistimu ye-radar ekwazi ukubala futhi ibonise indawo, isivinini, kanye nendlela yeminye imikhumbi ukuze isize ekuzulazuleni okuphephile nasekugwemeni ukushayisana. Uhlelo lwe-AIS (Automatic Identification System) luwuhlelo olukwazi ukubona imikhumbi enesixhumanisi somsakazo futhi ludlulise ulwazi olufana negama, indawo, inkambo kanye nesivinini. Ngenkathi i-ARPA ibala indawo yeminye imikhumbi ngokusekelwe olwazini lwe-radar, i-AIS ithola lolu lwazi ngokuqondile emikhunjini ngokwayo. Nokho, womabili amasistimu angasetshenziswa ngokuhlanganiswa ukuze anikeze ukugada okubanzi nokugwema ukushayisana.
I-RACON (i-Radar Beacon) umsakazo omncane okhipha isignali ye-radar ukunikeza eminye imikhumbi nezinhlelo zokuhamba uphawu lwereferensi. Ama-RACON avame ukubekwa kuma-vaids nama-buoy ukuze akhulise ukubonakala kwawo futhi avumele ukuzulazula okunembe kakhudlwana.
I-EPIRB (Emergency Position Idicating Radio Beacon) iwuhlelo lwebhakhoni lokucindezeleka oluqalwa ngokuzenzakalelayo esimweni esiphuthumayo futhi lukhiphe isignali engavinjwa amaqembu okusesha nawokutakula ukuze akhombe indawo yomkhumbi ngqo. Ama-EPIRB ayingcezu ebalulekile yemishini yokuphepha olwandle futhi angasiza ekwandiseni amathuba okuthi abantu abaphukeke umkhumbi basinde.
I-SART (I-Search and Rescue Radar Transponder) iwuhlelo lwebhakhoni lokucindezeleka olusebenza ezimeni eziphuthumayo futhi lukhiphe isignali ama-radar angayithola. Ngokuvamile asetshenziswa ezikebheni zokusindisa impilo kanye nama-lifejackets, ama-SART angasiza ukwenza lula ukusesha nokuhlenga abantu abaphukeke umkhumbi.
I-VTS (Vessel Traffic Service) iwuhlelo lokugada oluklanyelwe ukuxhumanisa nokuqapha ukuhamba kwemikhumbi ezindaweni ezimatasa. I-VTS ingaqoqa futhi ibonise ulwazi olufana nendawo, indlela kanye nesivinini semikhumbi ukusekela ukuzulazula okuphephile nokusebenzayo.
I-radar ne-sonar kokubili ubuchwepheshe bokuthola izinto, kodwa zinezinhlelo zokusebenza ezihlukene kanye nezimiso zokusebenza. I-radar isebenzisa amaza kagesi ukuze inqume indawo yezinto, kuyilapho i-sonar isebenzisa amaza omsindo. I-radar isetshenziswa ngokuyinhloko ku-aeronautics nokuzulazula olwandle, kuyilapho i-sonar isetshenziswa kakhulu ekuhloleni ngaphansi kwamanzi nasezinhlelweni zezempi.
Irada ye-Doppler isebenzisa umphumela we-Doppler ukukala isivinini sezinto. Umphumela we-Doppler uyenzeka lapho imvamisa yegagasi ishintsha njengoba umthombo noma umamukeli ehamba ngokuhlobene namagagasi. Irada ye-Doppler iqhubeka nokukhipha amagagasi kagesi, aboniswa izinto futhi abuyiselwe ku-radar. Ngokukala ukushintshwa kwemvamisa kwamagagasi abuyayo, irada ingabala isivinini sento.
I-SAR (Synthetic Aperture Radar) iwuhlobo olukhethekile lwerada olungakha izithombe zokucaca okuphezulu kobuso boMhlaba. I-SAR isebenzisa i-antenna enkulu kanye nama-algorithms okucubungula isignali ayinkimbinkimbi ukuze yakhe izithombe ezibukeka zifana nezithombe. I-radar ye-SAR isetshenziswa kakhulu ekuhloleni umhlaba, ekuqapheni izindawo ezingasogwini, nasekusesheni izindiza nemikhumbi engekho.
I-MARPA (I-Mini Automatic Radar Plotting Aid) iyisici esitholakala kwezinye izinhlelo zesimanje ze-radar zasolwandle ezibala ngokuzenzakalelayo izinkambo, isivinini, kanye nobungozi bokushayisana kwemikhumbi eseduze. I-MAPA ingasiza ekugwemeni ukungqubuzana futhi yenze ukuzulazula kube lula.
Umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwe-radar ye-X-band ne-S-band radar imvamisa yamagagasi kazibuthe kagesi abawasebenzisayo. I-radar ye-X-band isebenzisa imvamisa ecishe ibe ngu-8-12 GHz, kuyilapho i-radar ye-S-band isebenzisa imvamisa ecishe ibe ngu-2-4 GHz. I-radar ye-X-band ngokuvamile inokulungiswa okuphezulu nokunemba, kodwa isengozini kakhulu ezimweni zezulu ezifana nemvula nenkungu. I-radar ye-S-band ayizweli kakhulu esimweni sezulu futhi inobubanzi obude, kodwa ukulungiswa okuphansi.
I-radar ye-Monopulse kanye ne-radar yezigaba ezinezigaba ziyizinhlobo ezimbili ezihlukene zama-radar antenna asetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza imishayo ye-radar. I-radar ye-monopulse isebenzisa uthi olulodwa olungakhonjwa ezindaweni ezihlukene ukuze kwakheka i-radar beam. I-radar yohlelo olunezigaba, ngakolunye uhlangothi, isebenzisa izimpondo eziningi ezincane ezingaqondiswa nge-elekthronikhi ukuze zenze i-radar ye-radar ezindaweni ezihlukene. I-radar yohlu olunezigaba ngokuvamile ihlinzeka ngokuguquguquka okukhulu nokunemba, kuyilapho i-radar ye-monopulse ilula futhi ishibhile ukuyakha.
Njengezinhlelo ezivamile ze-radar ye-X-band kanye ne-S-band, umehluko phakathi kwe-radar yohlelo olunezigaba ezinezigaba ze-X kanye ne-S-band phased array radar usekuhambeni kwamagagasi kagesi asetshenziswayo. I-radar yesigaba esinezigaba ze-X isebenzisa imvamisa ezungeze u-8-12 GHz, kuyilapho i-radar yohlelo lwezigaba ye-S-band isebenzisa imvamisa ecishe ibe ngu-2-4 GHz. Ngokuvamile, i-radar yesigaba esinezigaba ze-X inikeza ukulungiswa okuphezulu nokunemba, kodwa isengozini kakhulu ezimweni zezulu ezifana nemvula nenkungu. I-radar yesigaba esinezigaba ze-S ayingenwa kalula imithelela yesimo sezulu futhi inobubanzi obude, kodwa ukulungiswa okuphansi.
Irada yesimo sezulu ye-Doppler isebenza ngokufanayo nerada ye-Doppler, kodwa isebenzisa imvamisa ephansi (ebangeni elingaba ngu-2-4 GHz) wamaza kagesi. Ngokukala ukushintshwa kwemvamisa kwamagagasi abonisiwe okubangelwa ukunyakaza kwamaconsi emvula noma iqhwa, i-radar yesimo sezulu ye-Doppler ingakala isivinini nesiqondiso semvula. Lolu lwazi lungasetshenziswa ukuthuthukisa ukubikezela kwesimo sezulu nokuxwayisa ngeziphepho ezinamandla noma ezinye izingozi zesimo sezulu.
I-AIS (I-Automatic Identification System) iwuhlelo olusetshenziselwa ukuqoqa nokwabelana ngolwazi mayelana nemikhumbi eseduze. I-AIS isebenzisa uhlobo olukhethekile lobuchwepheshe bomsakazo ukuthumela nokwamukela idatha ngokuzenzakalelayo njengegama lomkhumbi, indawo, inkambo kanye nesivinini. Le datha ingatholwa eminye imikhumbi noma i-Coast Guards ukuthuthukisa ukuzulazula nokugwema ukungqubuzana.
Izinhlelo eziningi zesimanje ze-radar yemikhumbi ziyakwazi ukuthola nokuhlanganisa idatha ye-AIS. Esikrinini se-radar, imikhumbi edlulisa i-AIS ingaboniswa ngesithonjana esikhethekile esiqukethe ulwazi olufana negama lomkhumbi, isivinini kanye nohambo. Ngokuhlanganisa i-AIS ohlelweni lwe-radar, imikhumbi ingakwazi ukuqapha kangcono indawo eyizungezile futhi igweme ukushayisana.
Ukushintshashintsha kwe-radar, okubuye kwaziwe ngokuthi i-clutter, kuyizimpawu esikrinini se-radar ezingasuki ezintweni ezithakaselwayo kodwa zivela kwezinye izinto ezifana nezakhiwo, izintaba noma izinkemba. Lawa masiginali angathinta ukufundwa kwesikrini se-radar futhi athinte ikhono lesistimu ye-radar ukuthola okuhlosiwe okuthakaselwayo. Kunamasu amaningana angasetshenziswa ukunciphisa noma ukuqeda i-radar jitter, njengama-algorithms okucubungula isignali athuthukisa isilinganiso sesignali-kumsindo noma ukusebenzisa izihlungi ukwenqaba amasiginali angafuneki.
Ububanzi be-radar yomkhumbi evamile buncike ezintweni ezimbalwa, njengokuvama kwe-radar esetshenziswayo, amandla okudlulisela kanye nosayizi wesistimu ye-antenna. Njengomthetho, izinhlelo ze-radar yemikhumbi yesimanje zingaba nebanga elingafika kumamayela ayi-100 we-nautical noma ngaphezulu ngenxa yamafrikhwensi awo aphezulu kanye nezimpondo ezinkulu. Kodwa-ke, ububanzi bungathinteka izimo zezulu ezimbi noma izithiyo ezifana nezintaba noma izakhiwo.
I-radar yasolwandle enamabhendi amabili isebenzisa kokubili i-X-band kanye ne-S-band radar frequency ukuze inikeze ububanzi obungcono nokulungiswa, kanye nokunemba okukhulu nokuqina. I-radar ye-X-band inikeza ukulungiswa okuphezulu nokunemba kodwa isengozini yokuthola izimo zezulu ezifana nemvula nenkungu, kuyilapho i-radar ye-S-band ingangenwa kalula yizimo zezulu futhi inobubanzi obude kodwa ukucaca okuphansi. Irada yomkhumbi enamabhendi amabili ivumela umkhumbi ukuthi usebenzise womabili amafrikhwensi ukuze uthole ukumelwa okugcwele nokunembe kwemvelo.
Umehluko phakathi kwesimo esiqinile kanye ne-radar yomkhumbi we-magnetron usehlotsheni lwezingxenye ze-elekthronikhi ezisetshenziswayo. I-radar yasolwandle eyi-magnetron isebenzisa i-magnetron ukuze ikhiqize futhi idlulise amagagasi kagesi, kuyilapho i-radar yasolwandle yesimo esiqinile isebenzisa izingxenye ze-semiconductor njengama-transistors nama-diode ukuze ikhiqize futhi idlulise amagagasi kagesi. Amasistimu e-radar yasolwandle yesimo esiqinile avame ukonga amandla kakhudlwana, athembekile futhi ahlala isikhathi eside kunezinhlelo ze-radar yasolwandle ye-magnetron, futhi abe nesikhathi sokuqala esisheshayo kanye nezinga eliphezulu lokushaya kwenhliziyo. Kodwa-ke, izinhlelo ze-radar zomkhumbi we-magnetron zingaba namandla aphezulu wokudlulisa kanye nobubanzi.
I-ARPA (I-Automatic Radar Plotting Aid) iwumsebenzi ongahlanganiswa nesistimu ye-radar yemikhumbi yesimanje futhi ivumele ukutholwa okuzenzakalelayo nokuqapha izinto ezithunyelwayo. Imisebenzi ye-ARPA ingabandakanya ukubikezela izifundo zokushayisana, ukudala iziqephu zethrekhi, nokubala izifundo nesivinini seminye imikhumbi. I-ARPA ingasiza futhi ukukhulisa ukuphepha olwandle ngokusiza umshayeli womkhumbi ukuthi akhombe futhi agweme ukungqubuzana okungase kube khona kusenesikhathi. Imisebenzi ye-ARPA ingase futhi ikhiqize izexwayiso ezihlukahlukene nama-alamu ukuze ixwayise umqondisi womkhumbi ngezingozi ezingaba khona.
I-ECDIS (Ishadi Le-elekthronikhi Display kanye ne-Information System) iwuhlelo lokuzulazula lwe-elekthronikhi olubonisa idatha yemephu nendawo kusikrini sekhompyutha. Ivamise ukuhlanganiswa nesistimu ye-radar yomkhumbi futhi ingasebenzisa idatha yayo ukuze idale isithombe esinembile nesakamuva sendawo ezungezile. I-ECDIS ivumela umkhumbi ukuthi ulandelele indawo yawo eshadini, uhlele imizila futhi uhlonze izithiyo nezingozi endleleni. Kungasiza futhi ukukhulisa ukunemba kokuzulazula nokuphepha ngokunikeza umqondisi womkhumbi isithombe esiphelele nesinemba kakhudlwana sendawo ezungezile.
I-AIS (I-Automatic Identification System) iwuhlelo lokuhlonza nokulandelela izinto zokuthutha, ngokuvamile ezifakwa emikhunjini emikhulu. Isakaza ulwazi olufana negama lomkhumbi, indawo, inkambo kanye nesivinini ngefrikhwensi yomsakazo we-VHF. Amasistimu e-radar yomkhumbi angathola futhi asebenzise lolu lwazi ukuze akhe ukumelwa okugcwele kwemvelo nokugwema izifundo zokushayisana. I-AIS ingasiza futhi ukuthuthukisa ukuxhumana phakathi kwemikhumbi neziteshi zasogwini, ikhulise ukuphepha kokuzulazula.
Kunezinselelo ezimbalwa ekusebenziseni amasistimu e-radar yomkhumbi, njengokubonakala kukhawulelwe izimo zezulu ezimbi noma izithiyo ezifana nezintaba noma izakhiwo. Ama-radar omkhumbi nawo angaba ngaphansi kokuphazanyiswa kwezinye izinto zikagesi kanye nemithombo yesignali, okungaholela emiphumeleni engalungile noma eyiphutha. Kungase futhi kube nzima ukuthembela ekuchazeni idatha ye-radar yomkhumbi njengoba ijwayele ukunikeza ukumelela okungabonakali kwendawo ezungezile, ikushiye kumphathi womkhumbi ukuthi atolike futhi asebenzise ulwazi ngendlela efanele.
Amasistimu e-radar yomkhumbi angasiza ekwandiseni ukuphepha olwandle ngokunikeza umkhumbi ukumelela okunembe nokunembile kwendawo ezungezile, ukuthola ukushayisana okungenzeka kusenesikhathi, nokucupha ama-alamu nezixwayiso ukuze kuxwayiswe umshayeli womkhumbi ngezingozi. Ama-radar omkhumbi angabuye ahlanganiswe namanye amasistimu okuzulazula afana ne-ECDIS ne-AIS ukuze anikeze ukumelwa okubanzi nokunembe kwemvelo nokwandisa ukuphepha kokuzulazula. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-radar omkhumbi angasetshenziswa futhi ukuqapha ukuhamba kwemikhumbi nokulandelela ukunyakaza kwemikhumbi, okungasiza ekuthuthukiseni ukuthotshelwa kwethrafikhi kanye nokuxhumana kokuhamba komkhumbi.
Ukunemba kwedatha ye-radar yomkhumbi kungathuthukiswa ngezinyathelo ezahlukahlukene, njengokusebenzisa imishini ye-radar yekhwalithi ephezulu enokulungiswa okuhle nokuzwela. Kungase futhi kube usizo ukugcina njalo nokulinganisa ama-radar omkhumbi ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi asebenza kahle futhi anikeze idatha enembile. Ukusebenzisa ama-antenna anamandla aphezulu nokuzwela kungasiza futhi ukuthuthukisa ububanzi nokunemba kwama-radar omkhumbi. Ukwengeza, ukuhlanganiswa nezinye izinhlelo zokuzulazula ezifana ne-GPS ne-ECDIS kuvumela ama-radar emikhumbi ukuthi asebenze ngokunembe kakhulu nangokunembile.
Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zamarada olwandle okuhlanganisa i-X-band, S-band kanye ne-L-band radar. Amarada e-X-band ngokuvamile anokulungiswa okuphezulu nokuzwela, kodwa akhawulelwe ebangeni elilinganiselwe. Ama-radar e-S-band anobubanzi obude kodwa ukulungiswa okuphansi kune-X-band radar. Ama-radar e-L-band adizayinelwe ukusetshenziswa emikhunjini emincane futhi anebanga elilinganiselwe, kodwa avamise ukubiza kancane kunamanye ama-radar. Kukhona futhi ama-radar akhethekile olwandle azosetshenziswa emanzini ase-arctic akwazi ukubona nokugwema ama-icebergs nezinye izithiyo.
Nakuba ama-radar olwandle edlala indima ebalulekile ekuhambeni nasekuphepheni olwandle, nawo anemikhawulo. Isimo sezulu esibi njengenkungu, imvula nesithwathwa singanciphisa ukubonakala kwesistimu ye-radar futhi sinciphise ukunemba kwedatha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-radar olwandle angaba ngaphansi kokuphazanyiswa kwezinye izinto zikagesi kanye nemithombo yesignali, okungaholela emiphumeleni engalungile noma eyiphutha. Kubalulekile futhi ukuqaphela ukuthi idatha ye-radar yomkhumbi ngokuvamile ihlinzeka ngokumelela okungabonakali kwendawo ezungezile futhi kuwumthwalo wemfanelo womphathi womkhumbi ukuhumusha le datha futhi, ngokuhlanganyela nezinye izinhlelo zokuzulazula nolwazi, ukwenza ukuzulazula okufanele kanye nokwenza izinqumo.
Ikusasa lezinhlelo ze-radar zasolwandle libukeka liqhakazile njengoba ubuchwepheshe kanye nokuhlanganiswa nezinye izinhlelo zokuzulazula kuqhubeka nokuvela. Amasistimu e-radar emikhumbi yesikhathi esizayo kulindeleke ukuthi abe nokulungiswa okuphezulu nobubanzi, kanye nokuhlanganiswa okuthuthukisiwe nezinye izinhlelo zokuzulazula, okuhlanganisa ukuzulazula okuzenzakalelayo kanye nobuhlakani bokwenziwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusetshenziswa kwezinhlelo ze-radar zasolwandle kulindeleke ukuthi kuqhubeke kwanda ngenxa yemithetho eqinile nezindinganiso zokuhamba nokuphepha olwandle.
Akuzona nje izindiza ezingalandelelwa ku-inthanethi - kukhona ne-radar yomkhumbi! Lapha izikhundla zomkhumbi emhlabeni jikelele zingalandelelwa futhi zibonwe. Ngeke nje uthole ulwazi mayelana nezindawo ezahlukene zemikhumbi, uzonikezwa nolwazi oluqondene nomkhumbi. Details enikeziwe. Ukunikezwa kwamahhala okuzoheha abathanda umkhumbi ikakhulukazi.
I-AIS ibika inani elikhulu ledatha etholwa amadivayisi atholayo, okumele abe phakathi kwebanga, futhi ahlolwe ngokulandelayo. Idatha ihlanganisa:
Idatha yokuhamba nayo iyathunyelwa. Lokhu kuhlanganisa indawo yokuhamba, isikhathi esilinganiselwe sokufika kanye nenani labantu abagibele. I-Inland AIS iphinde yethula eminye imininingwane:
| itheku | Isikhathi esilinganiselwe sokufika (LT) |
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